《The Man Who Mistook His Wife for A Hat》是一本由Oliver Sacks著作，Touchstone出版的Paperback图书，本书定价：USD 15.00，页数：256，特精心从网络上整理的一些读者的读后感，希望对大家能有帮助。

　　《The Man Who Mistook His Wife for A Hat》精选点评：

　　●So much insight into Body and Soul (Brain and Mind)... Classic work! Many philosophical thoughts in captivating words

　　● RC351 Sak, CL Books

　　●有志加入camphill的同学来看Oliver Sacks的书，先从中文版开始！诸多gy结尾单词看得我精神错乱。physiology,neurology,psychiatry,pathology,phenomenology！

　　●大千世界，芸芸众生，你若是得了失语症，健忘症，失认证，多动症亦或是孤独症患者，也许终将不会被社会理解或接纳，也许永远活在自己幻想的世界里，有的人因此得到了静谧和欢乐，有的人却寝食难安。They are pool souls but also unsung heroes.

　　●还要再看一遍。。。

　　●2015年2月

　　●OMG, the deｓｃｒｉｐｔion of a glove: "a continuous surface infolded on itself and appears to have five outpouchings" Both deficiencies and excessiveness demonstrate fascinating impact of brain power on human beings' behaviors. Abnormal as theose stories seem, neuropsychology has the potential of turning those abnormalies into our strengths..

　　●脑科医生说案例。作者最关注的不是患者的"不足"而是究竟他们"存有"些什么，于是他在病人中发现了伟大的音乐家/雕塑家/表演者，并不将患者的病史化成一个冷冰冰的档案或毫无个性的医学符号。每一个患者的病史都是一个动人的故事，不论是视觉不能识症/失忆症/痴呆，也不过是一个人，一个独一无异的个体，而不是"一类病患"。

　　●第一本看完的英文原著。 读着累，却丰富了精神。见识了许多闻所未闻的病症。正如作者所说，理解万岁。你满怀责备地一个妇女慢慢悠悠地上了公交车，却无从知晓她全身神经麻痹，甚至动一下都费力。你瞧见一个“怪人”，觉得他一无是处，却不知或许正在品味泥土的气息，感受空气的清新。 先观察，再做判断。先关爱，再下定论。

　　●英文论文关系而看的一本书，蛮有意思的。如果没记错就是这个版本的。

　　《The Man Who Mistook His Wife for A Hat》读后感(一)：让人谦卑的书

　　roprioceptive system。感知自己，竟然是一种奢侈。

　　hantom：徐文兵老师讲到“魂”，说起截肢痛和迁徙途中休息的印第安人。那个每天早上起来像拍baby's buttom那样拍拍自己假肢的哥们儿，虽然这件事让当事人无比伤心，可是我真心觉得他的phantom喜欢开玩笑、很调皮、有点懒、超可爱。好吧，我欠扁……对不住了……但是，真的，还是不要走得太快了，等等自己的“魂”吧。

　　resident's speech。简直就是一片无与伦比的讽刺短篇啊，读得我笑出眼泪来。

　　the dog beneath the skin。这难道是真人版的Grenouille？聚斯金德当年看到这个病例得到启发的吧……

　　《The Man Who Mistook His Wife for A Hat》读后感(二)：接受生命的脆弱，更应该尊重每一个生命个体

　　这是一本比较小众冷门的书，我是在audible的书单推荐里面被有趣的书名吸引了。

　　作者Oliver Sacks是美国著名的神经病学专家，这本书写于八十年代，书中收录了二十四个Sacks医生从医过程中经历的真实的脑神经病人的案例。Sacks医生非常有人文关怀精神，在书中讲述每个病例的时候，都分享了他的思考——初看每一个案例都不可思议，但是想到这是一个个活生生的人，都必须要严肃认真地思考疾病到底对人意味着什么。

　　书中第一个病例就是书名提到的这个，一个音乐教授可以轻易地辨识出人的声音，但却无法辨识出看到的物体的区别，他甚至把自己的妻子当成了帽子，要往头上戴。

　　一个男人某天醒来之后，突然无法认识自己的腿，他被床上那条陌生的腿吓到了，拼命要把腿踢下床，结果自己也跟着滚了下去。

　　一个九十多岁的老奶奶突然开始春心萌动，对周围的一切事物都充满兴趣，结果发现是隐藏了好几十年的神经性梅毒作用，但是老奶奶却不想被治愈了。

　　一对双胞胎有交流障碍，但却对数字格外敏感，可以心算出过去任何一天是星期几，尤其是质数特别擅长。

　　还有脑子里会自动演奏的人，失去了‘左边’这个概念的人等等。

　　读完这一个个病例，不由感慨大脑是一台多么精密的仪器，稍微一点差池就会造成不可思议的改变。而这些病人的生活状态，虽然不同于正常人，有很多困难和不便，可是有些人也切切实实地过得单纯而快乐。

　　接受生命的脆弱，就更应该让我们变得谦卑 —— 尊重每一个生命个体，尊重每一种生活方式。

　　《The Man Who Mistook His Wife for A Hat》读后感(三)：过自己的生活

　　每个人都是一个独特的个体，要寻找自己的路，过自己的生活，也以自己的方式死去——Oliver Sacks五六十年前，关于神经系统可塑性的研究，还远没有现在这么深入，大脑内“神经线路”的联系，一旦固定还能否改变，还没有一个笃定的结论。卢瑞克和萨克斯认为大脑有“卓越的可塑性、惊人的适应能力”，而且这些“不仅仅是在神经或感知障碍的这种特殊（而且经常是令人绝望的）环境下才会出现”，他们主张不单单要面对来问珍的病人，更要看到处在日常生活环境中的病人。这些见地，在当时的情境下，可谓先锋。

　　萨克斯将神经病学的理论和案例深入浅出地写进书里，即轻盈又深厚。本来，神经病患，在普通人看来是一类与自己很少发生关联的遥远而陌生的群体。萨克斯以客观平等的态度看待他们，与他们交流，在书中展现了他们的心灵世界。那是另外一个伟大而奇异的境界。每一个患者，其实都有自己独特的、值得尊重的人格世界，有着我们未必能够达到的宁静和辽远，甚至是通透

　　每一本萨克斯医生的书都可当做非常精彩的医学转奇集。这本书展现了24个脑神经失序的患者。这些故事告诉我们，“病”这种东西，未必是生命之中不可承受之重。缺陷、不适与疾病，会产生出另一些发展、进化与生命的形态，激发出我们远不能预料的创造力。读者能通过阅读这些故事感受到人类心智活动的繁复和奇妙。

　　认知科学是探索和研究认知现象和规律的交叉综合学科，由神经科学、心理学、语言学、哲学、计算机科学和人类学构成，其科学目标是探索并最终揭开人类心智的奥秘。

　　对于大脑与心智关系的科学研究始于1861年。当时法国的科学家布鲁卡发现，语言表达发生障碍的情况，或称失语症，常常是在左脑某个特别部位受伤之后产生的。这个发现开启了大脑神经学的领域，也使得经过几十年后，人类脑部的“地图”得以汇成，并归结出各种能力，包括：语言，智力，知觉等在脑部对应的主要位置。

　　他伸出手，握住他妻子的头，想要把她的头拿起来，戴到自己头上去。很明显地，他错把自己老婆当成一顶帽子。而她的表情看起来，好像早已对这样的事见怪不怪了。

　　想明了记忆在我们一生中有何等份量，请让你的记忆流失，即使只是零碎的片段也可以。失去记忆的生活不像是生活了。记忆让我们思想连贯、明白事理、产生情感，也是我们行动的原动力。没有它，我们将一无所有（我只能坐以待毙，看着它把一辈子的生活化为乌有，就如我母亲所经历的一般）Bunnel这段动人且骇人的文摘，出自布努艾尔的回忆录。他的话使人联想到几个兼具临床、实用、生命存在与哲学意味的基本命题：怎样的生活、怎样的世界、怎样的自我，是一个丧失了大半记忆、不再有过去、生命找不到定位的人仍然拥有的？

　　在成年的岁月里，生命、人生的巅峰常因脑中风、衰老。脑部创伤等等因素而戛然而止，但对于过去的一切，依旧存留着美好的记忆。这样多少能给人一点慰藉：“还好，我活的精彩，在脑部受伤或年迈体衰之前，我度过充实的人生，尝遍人生百味。”

　　事物最重要的一面，常因为它们太简单、太熟悉，以致被我们忽视（人对经常出现在眼前的事物容易视而不见）。探究事物的真实意涵总引不起人的注意。

　　就某种观点而言，克里斯蒂娜真的是“脊髓已断、“魂魄已飞”的幽灵。她丧失了基本的、天生本质的定位感，至少消失了肉体器官的身份或“躯体的自我意识”，即弗洛伊德所认为的自我的基础：“自我的开端当属躯体的自我意识。”当身体的知觉或身躯印象方面受到深度的干扰时，必然会发生人格的瓦解、真实感的崩溃。他们当中绝大部分是健康狂热者，或热衷于服用大剂量维生素，曾大量服用过维生素B6.一旦他们停止服用维生素B6来毒害自己，多数人的情况是可以或得好转的。

　　内耳的构造就其实质或寓意上来看，就像平准器，内耳迷宫中有半圆形的官道，里头有一直受到监控的液体。不过出问题的地方不在这里，而是他的平衡机制、身体对自身的感受，以及身体对外界的“视觉图像失灵了”。麦格雷戈简单的比喻，不知可以用在内尔的平衡，也可以用来比喻三项神秘感觉的复杂整合：内耳迷宫、本体感受与视觉。帕金森患者受损的部分就是这种综合机制。

　　语言，不仅仅包含了字词，还包括了说话的方式。我们是用整个人来表达全部的意思。而要了解这些话，所需要的信息远远多于只是了解表面上的字词。失语症患者便是从中得到了线索，即使他们完全无法理解字句的意思，还是可以知道别人在说什么。即使对词句本身，例如句子结构等等，可能不知其所以然，但是说话时人们通常充满了“语调”，那是超越语言的表达，虽然失语症患者了解字句的功能已经完全丧失了，却还保留了对这些深沉、多样复杂、细微的表达方式的理解能力。他们不只是保有这种能力，很多时候还能更进一步，即不寻常地得到增强。

　　如果说谎骗不了某些失语症患者，是因为 他们对表情、声调特别敏锐，那么我们可能会问：那些对于声调、表情没有感觉，却能完全理解字句的病人，也就是完全相反的类型。这些人并不是失语，而是一种“失认症”，特别称为“音调失认症”。这些人主要的症状是他们声音的表情特质，包括声调、音色、感情、整个人的性格，都不存在了，但仍可以完全了解字句含义及语法结构。这类的音调失认症，跟大脑右颞叶的功能失调有关。相反，失语症的病源则在左颞叶。

　　一位名叫艾米丽的病人右颞叶上长了神经胶质瘤。她以前是英文老师，也是小有名气的诗人，对于语言的感受特别敏锐，非常擅长分析和用言语传情，她也能够用相反的方式来说话，就像总统演说在音调失认症患者耳中听起来那样的呆板、毫无感情。总统的话无法令人信服。演讲内容单调乏味，用字遣词不精确。他不是脑袋有问题，就是想隐瞒一些事。看来，总统的演说对艾米丽也没效果，因为她对于语言正是用法的感觉增强了，那种辨识能力，不逊于失语症患者不受语言影响，而对声调有强烈感受的能力。

　　我们的语言里充满了不老实的语句，再加上虚伪做作的声调，只有脑部受伤的人能对此保持距离，不受蒙骗。

　　所有“过度”的情况，都可能变得很可怕，完全不按常理出牌，而且错误百出：例如运动机能过度，可能演变成运动机能错乱，也就是不正常的肢体动作，像是舞蹈症、抽搐症等。而热情过度，则会变成暴力的情绪。这种介于疾病与健康之间、一体两面的矛盾，是自然界的一种诡计与讽刺。它让人觉得很健康、很幸福，却在后来露出潜在狰狞的本质。

　　1885年，沙尔科的学生妥瑞医生描述了一种惊人的病症，后来该症以他的名字来命名。妥氏综合征的症状包括大量夸张的怪动作与怪念头：抽搐、坚持某些习惯、做鬼脸,发出奇怪的声音、无意义的谩骂、不自主的模仿，以及各种强迫性的行为。同时也具有鬼灵精怪的幽默感，以及滑稽又与众不同的表演天分。

　　每个人的一生都像一个故事、一个有关内心的故事。故事的发展，我们的感受，交织成我们的生活。可以这样说，每个人都在建构、都在活出一个故事。而这个故事就是我们自己，就是我们对自我的认知。

　　想了解一个人，我们会问：“他的故事是什么，他真实的内心世界是怎样？”我们自己就是一部传记、一篇故事。每个人的故事都是独一无二的。故事的内容，通过人的知觉、感情、思想和行为，再加上我们的谈话交流，在无意识中不断地建构起来。生物、生理学上，我们没有什么不同；但时光流转所写出的人生故事，篇篇都不同。

　　要成为自己，必须要“拥有”自我，需要拥有自己毕生的故事。我们要将人生的片段重新整理，将自我内心的戏剧和故事，重新集结。一个人需要有如此的故事，一篇不间断的内心故事，才能保有其自我认同，保有自己。

　　“街头神经学”的确有值得一提之处。詹姆斯帕金森，就像英国小说家狄更斯一样，犹在伦敦街头散步的习惯。40年之后，他记录下了以他为名的帕金森症。这项就不是出自他的诊所，而是在摩肩接踵的伦敦街头所得。在诊所中，确实无法彻底观察和了解帕金森症；它需要开放，可以与环境进行复杂互动的空间，才能将此病症特殊的性格显露出来。

　　苏格兰哲学家休谟曾写道：我想大胆证实：人只不过是各种感觉的集结，一个接一个的感觉，以不为人知的快速，无尽地涌流、不停地运动。所以，休谟认为，自我认知根本是无稽之谈——我们并不存在，人只不过是连续的感觉或知觉罢了。

　　我们总是有两个对话的宇宙，就称它们为“物理的”与“现象的”吧，或者你要用别的说法也可以。一方处理的是量与形式结构的问题，另一方处理的是组成一个“世界”的质的问题。所有人都有自己独特的精神世界，自己内在的旅程与风貌；而对大部分来说，这些内在的东西，是不需要去跟哪条神经线连在一起的。我们可以轻易说出一个人的故事，他一生所走的路、所经历的事，一点也不需要搬出生理学或神经学理论：这些理论，即使不是那样无聊或莫名其妙，也是太形而上了。

　　我们生命的每一幕剧，最后的形式与自然的样子究竟是怎样的？是否，生命的剧本不知提供了记忆与重现的记忆，也关乎我们每个层面的想象，从最简单的感觉到活动的影像，到最复杂的想象世界、景物都包括在内？生命的每一幕剧、一段回忆、一番想象，都绝对属于个人，精彩绝伦且独一无二。

　　所谓的经验，必须要等到它按照每个人的特性而组织起来，才可能存在；若非如此，行动也不成为行动。脑子对每件事的记录，每件活生生的事，都必须是以个人为映照的。即使信息初期的形式可能是计算机式的或程序型的，而脑子最后记录的，都是个人化之后的形式。大脑最后呈现的纪录，一定是“艺术”，可以说是经验和行动的艺术化景象与旋律。

　　额叶严重受伤，以及精神性运动不能症的病人，虽然智力各方面都完好无缺，却没有能力“做”事，无法做最简单的连续动作，甚至无法走路，他们也可以通过音乐，得到戏剧性的疗效。这类连续性动作缺陷或行动白痴的毛病，普通的康复系统都毫无作用，却能够在音乐的指导下，让问题消失于无形。这一切，无需解释，就说明了我们需要音乐治疗的原由，或原由之一。

　　抽象、分类性的事物，引不起自闭症患者的兴趣；具体的、特别的，单一事物就是他们所有的世界。无论这究竟是容量的问题，还是性情的关系，却十之八九都是如此。没有概括的概念，也不喜欢做这方面的思考，自闭患者似乎完全以独特的事物来组成他们的世界图像。所以，他们并非身居一个宇宙，而是在詹姆斯所说的“多宇宙”中，其数目是数不尽的，每个都是明明白白，斑斓至极，独一无二的。相对于将所有的事物都予以概念化，这是心灵的一个极端的形式。这样的心灵也是“真的”，同等的真实只是跟别人相当的不一样

　　成为一座孤岛，与世隔绝，就一定虽生犹死吗？那可能是一种死亡，但却不必然如此。虽然失去了与其他人、与社会、文化的“水平”关系，他们仍然拥有重要而密切的“垂直”关系，那就是与自然、与真实之间直接的关系，这样的关系不受外在影响、干预、别人也碰触不到。

　　《The Man Who Mistook His Wife for A Hat》读后感(四)：Critical Analysis by Yuli Rahmawati

　　I. Background

　　Oliver Sacks

　　The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat is the Neurology and Psychology book which is written by Oliver Sacks. Oliver Sacks is well known as a physician, a neurologist and the author of nine other books. He wrote the book of Awakenings which inspired the Oscar-nominated film. His most recent writing is Musicophilia:Tales of Music and the Brain which explores the power of music and its influences to the brain based on his patient experiences. Currently, he is living in New York City as a professor of Clinical Neurology at Columbia University.

　　This book represents the stories of his patients who have neurological disorder. Sacks packed the case study of his patients with a fascinating and appealing language. The book is quite short and easy to read, and represents the feelings and emotions both of his patients and Sacks himself. Even though the topics are neurology and psychology, but it can be considered for readers who don’t have neurology and psychology background. It helps general readers, since it includes short postｓｃｒｉｐｔs which consist of the explanations of the study and specific terms in neurology. Sacks also uses the everyday language to engage general readers. Therefore this book not only can help the neurologists, psychologists, and other medical practitioners, but also general readers to enrich their understanding of wide range neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions.

　　II. Summary

　　The book consists of 24 short stories that are divided into four parts which are Losses, Excesses, Transports, and The World of The Simple. Each part represents stories of people who have specific problems on brain functions which will be represented through each paragraph of this summary. The summary discusses some of the stories in detailed which represent the specific neurological disorder as the main idea of each part.

　　First Part: Losses.

　　eople who have loss or lack some of the functions of their brain can have several diseases or injury, such as Aphonia, Aphemia, Aphasia, Alexia, Apraxia, Agnosia, amnesia, and Ataxia (Sacks, 2007). On The Man Who Mistook His Wife for A Hat, Dr. P is a musician who had problems with his visual images. He couldn’t recognize things around him, even his face, wife, foot, shoes, etc. Therefore, he grabbed his wife’s head to put on his head, because he thought that his wife was a hat. But, he has wonderful musical intelligence, he can do his activities if he’s singing, but he would forget everything and completely stop his activities when he’s interrupted from his singing. The Lost Mariner is the story of Jimmie G, 19 years old, good looking man who was a radio operator in submarine. He can’t remember anything, except his life experiences before mid 1940’s. Therefore, he always thinks that he is 19 years old young man. But, he has excellent ability in science and math. He can compare each chemical elements and is doing well on arithmetical and algebra calculations. The Disembodied Lady is the story of 27 years young woman, who has two young children who worked as computer programming. Her life has changed, since the attack of abdominal pain. She can’t feel her body and control them. Therefore, she has to learn how to walk, move and other functions of her body. The rest of the stories have similar type of neurological disorder. For example, The Man Who Fell out of Bed is the story of a man who can’t feel his leg. He wanted to throw his leg out of bed, because he thought that his leg is the fake leg, not his own. The Hands is the story of Madeleine, 60 years old, a blind woman. She can’t do anything by her hand, because she feels that her hands are useless, inactive as “lumps of dough”. Phantoms is about the feeling of having part of body, especially limb, after it’s lost such as because of amputation. On the Level is about 93 years old man with Parkinson disease, who is walking 20 degrees which way off to the left to maintaining his balance. But, he can’t feel it, he thinks that he’s walking straight. Eyes Right! is the story of Mrs S, around 60 years old. She got a massive stroke which caused damage on her right cerebral hemisphere, so that she can’t feel her left. The last story of The President Speech presents the patients who have global aphasia. They are incapable to understand the words, so that they found Presidents’ speeches are so funny which makes them laugh and anger.

　　econd Part: Excesses.

　　This second part is unusual in neurological disorder. The disorder is commonly found because of dysfunctional or lack or loss, but not excesses of the system. Witty Ticcy Ray is the story of patient, Ray, 24 years old man who has Tourette’s syndrome which is characterized by the excess of energy, great productions, motions, and notions. He has remarkable ability on music such as hitting the drum, and in various games, such as ping-pong. He is excellent on doing all those things, because he has abnormal quickness of reflect and reactions. Then when Sacks gave him the drug Haldol to treat his disorder, Ray became slow down and lost himself, so that Ray decided not to use the medicine, and let himself to live with his Tourette. The Cupid’s Disease is the story of Natasha K., 90 years old woman who fell herself becomes more energetic, alive and young. She had syphilis seventy years ago which commonly is called cupid’s disease. She chooses to stay energetic, rather than to be treated. The other patient, Miguel O., who has neurosyphilis. He has excited imagination and energy. When Dr. Sacks gave him Haldol, he became slowly down and lost his excited imagination. A Matter of Identity is the story of Mr. Thompson who can’t recognize anyone, but he can create fiction characters. In the Yes, Father-Sister, Mrs. B, a former research chemist, she is becoming funny, impulsive, and superficial. She called Dr. Sacks “father, sister, and sometimes doctor”. She knows the right and left, but she can’t differentiate it. The Possessed is the story of Sacks’s experiences on observing Touretters in the street of New York City.

　　Third Part: Transports.

　　This part consists of the stories of Sacks’s patients who have imaginations, dreams, spiritualities, feelings, or other unconscious and preconscious activities which is called ‘transport or portal, or dreamy states, or reminiscence”. Reminiscence is the story of Mrs. O’C who had dream of her childhood in Ireland where she was dancing and singing. It is not simply a dream, because since then, she feels that she is living in her childhood memories. In Incontinent Nostalgia, a 63 year old woman who had Parkinson disease, since she was 18 years old. She used the drug L-Dopa to treat her Parkinson, but this drug caused the nostalgia and joyful memories of her youth life. A Passage to India is the story of Bhagawahndi P., a 19 years old Indian girl, who suffered form a malignant brain tumor. She had dreams and visions that she was in his country, India, return to her normal life as a young girl. She enjoyed her dreams and visions day to day, until the rest of her life. The Dog Beneath the Skin is the story of a 22 year medical student who had a dream that he was a dog. Since then, he can sniff like a dog. He has excellent smell ability like a dog. He could recognize every street, shop, food by smell. Murder is the story of a man who killed his girl under the influence of PCP (phenylcyclohexylpiperidine). Therefore, he didn’t remember it then. He had the irruption of psychotic fantasy. When he was conscious about it, he would regret and be angry. But, nothing he could do, because his girl was dead. The Visions of Hildegard is the story of woman who had illusion of her earliest childhood, mysticism, and spiritualism. She can imagine and create the picture of city of God and other illusive pictures.

　　Fourth Part: The World of The Simple.

　　This part consists of stories of Sacks’s patients who have different forms of mind which is very simple, innocent, and transparent. Rebecca is the story of Rebecca, a 19 years old girl who loves stories, poetry, and others arts. She acted like a child in some ways, such as she couldn’t find the key of the door, couldn’t use her clothes, put the gloves into the foot and put the shoes into the hand. Her grandmother was the one who always taking care of her since her parents died. Unfortunately, her grandmother passed away, and then she became unmotivated and was losing her soul. Until, she joins the special theater group, and shows the fantastic performances. A Walking Grove is the story of Martin A, a 61 years old man who had Parkinson and Meningitis. He has amazing musical memory, such as he can remember 2000 operas. He acts and uses language like a child, and his spirit of music makes him survive. The Twins is the story of the twins, John and Michael who were 26 years old. They were well known because of their remarkable memory of documentary, algorithm, and time. They knew the content of matches in a box which is felt from the table (11 matches), but they didn’t know where 111’s coming from. Even, they can’t calculate the simplest calculations. Their world is very simple, just remembering without understanding. In The Autist Artist, the 21 years old young man has autism. People think that he is an idiot and even he can’t talk, because he has autism. But, when Dr. Sacks asked him to draw the pictures, he can draw the same pictures as shown amazingly.

　　III. Interpretation and Analysis

　　In term of content, Sacks provides interesting stories of neurological disorders of his patients which can be rich information for neurologist, psychologist, and general readers as well. He organizes the case study of his patients into four parts: Losses, Excesses, Transports, and The World of The Simple. The Losses and Excesses focus on neurological functions, the Transports relates to the hallucinations and visions, then The World of The Simple provides the stories of different forms of mind which is simple and innocent. The stories on the Losses provide the general neurological disorders which happened on Dr. Sacks’s patients. The similar patterns of patients’ behaviors and psychology help the readers to understand the concept of the dysfunction of brain. Moreover, the importance of music for human brain is also well described. Excesses is really unusual neurological disorder in which patients have excess functions of brain. It seems to be impossible, but it happened to Dr. Sacks’s patients. Some of the patients consider this disorder as the treat and the others consider as the fortune and let it with them without any treatments. On the Transports, it is really amazing that how can the dream and hallucinations change people both psychologically and physically. For example, the story of A Passage to India, Bhagawahndi P. became cheerful and joyful within her brain tumor, because she had hallucinations coming back to India in her childhood. On The World of The Simple is really amazing as well as adults can act like a child. Then they really have the amazing ability as well, such as Rebecca who could perform amazingly in theater or the twins, John and Michael, who could predict the date of the day on history. Overall, all the stories are really interesting, especially for general readers who want to broaden their knowledge.

　　In terms of structure and language of the book, Sacks guides the readers to understand the main idea of the different concepts of neurological disorders by organizing the stories into four main parts. He describes the incidental moment of each patients in each story, which is really engaging and empowering. As a reader, I am realizing how it is wonderful to have a normal function of brain and how’s amazing to know the brain’s working. Moreover, the book can be considered for the general readers who don’t have neurology and psychology background, because Sacks uses general and engaging language which can help the general readers to understand the stories. He also helps the readers with the postｓｃｒｉｐｔs which describe the background of history or further studies as well as special terms in neurology. Moreover, each of stories engages the readers to involve on the patients’ worlds as well. However, for the first part, especially the introduction of Losses could be confusing for the general readers, because he mentions Aphonia, Aphemia, and other words of neurology for the first time. But, the stories on this part make those terms clear. Moreover, different from other stories which are started by introducing the patients, the story of The Vision of Hildegard is started by the explanations of its neurological disorder with the complex language which could be confusing for general readers. But, overall, the book is amazing, not only provides interesting cases of human brain, but also encourage the readers to understand and be empathy of patient’s feelings.

　　IV. Implementation for Teaching and Learning

　　The book is definitely can be used as teaching resources on psychology, neurology, and biology subject. In chemistry, it may be related with the medicines which are used to treat the patients. For the other subjects, it can provide the readers different perspectives and contemporary knowledge of neurological disorders. For the readers who study in psychology and neurology or medical background, this book provides readers with rich information about different types of neurological disorder, its characteristics and the treatment. Some of the case studies of Sacks patients are hardly ever found in neurological field. Therefore, it will help them to deal with different problems of neurological disorder. For the teacher, it can help them to deal with students with special needs who have unique behaviour and psychology. This book will help them to understand the unusual type of students’ learning.

　　Moreover, the high school and university students could use this book as a reference. High school and university students could relate it with their subject in the school and university. On this level of education, students already have the prior knowledge of the human body, especially the brain’s functions. The prior knowledge is needed since it implies some of neurology and psychology terms, especially students who use English as the second language. However, it may be applied for year 7-9 students who using English as the first language, since it used everyday language to engage the readers. Overall, the book can be used as a teaching resource for teachers as well as learning resources for the students within wide ranges of subject.

　　Real stories, real people

　　Above all, people's stories - for they are stories about real people - are all told with warmth; a kind, philosophical eye, searching not for what has been lost, but for what has been added. A scientist's attention to detail without the stereotypical austerity.

　　acks is most concerned with finding out what his patients can do, what they enjoy, what it is possible for them to get out of life. He realises their personhood is vital to understanding their condition. Sacks is engaged in what he refers to as the 'neurology of identity'.

　　It's this centrality of human experience and identity that makes this book such a rewarding and frequently touching read.