文章吧手机版
《Outliers》的读后感10篇
日期:2017-12-13 来源:文章吧 阅读:

《Outliers》的读后感10篇

  《Outliers》是一本由Malcolm Gladwell著作,Little, Brown and Company出版的Hardcover图书,本书定价:CAD 30.99,页数:309,文章吧小编精心整理的一些读者的读后感,希望对大家能有帮助。

  《Outliers》读后感(一):谁能阻挡住时代的浪潮

  按照Malcolm的理论,犹太人今天所获得的成功得益于他们当年的“贱民”身份,当他们不能拥有土地只能从事低贱的商业时(威尼斯商人中夏洛克就是犹太人,当时只有异教徒可以从事放贷这种肮脏、违反上帝意志的工作),当工业时代逐渐取代农业社会的时候,犹太人的春天也就顺势到来了。这让我想起中国移动的总工李默芳,一个非常朴实、本分的女性,她在一次座谈中谈到,当年自己研究移动通信的原因居然是,没有人愿意研究这个在当时看来前景不明的领域。追涨杀跌,不仅仅是股市中心理承受能力较差的人的普遍心态,我们普通人每天做的决定又何尝不是这个样子。步步为营,也许会阻止我们与社会的发展产生脱节,但谁知道呢,没准这恰恰也是我们拥抱下个春天的障碍。

  《Outliers》读后感(二):文章内容摘录

  最早作者举了hockey的例子

  加拿大hockey 选人,居然最后都是根据孩子的出生月份

  原因: 在年初出生的孩子比同年龄的小孩多训练了更长的时间,而对于一个处于青少年时期的小孩,身体的快速发育使得这段时间极为关键,可能他并不是一个非常具有天赋的小孩。但是随着他入选,就会比那些未入选同龄小孩有更多的训练时间,自然而然的就更加优秀,更有可能入选更好的队伍参加比赛。

  Opportunity

  Matthew Effect

  It is those who are successful, in other words, who are most likely to be given the kinds of special opportunities that lead to further success. It's the rich who get the biggest tax breaks. It's the best students who get the best teaching and most attention.

  And it's the biggest nine- and ten-year-olds who get the most coaching and practice.

  uccess is the result of what sociologists like to call "accumulative advantage”.

  The professional hockey player starts out a little bit better than his peers.

  And that little difference leads to an opportunity that makes that difference a bit bigger, and that edge in turn leads to another opportunity, which makes the initially small difference bigger still.----------and on and on until the hockey player is a genuine outlier.

  ut he didn't start out an outlier. He started our just a little bit better.

  举例了柏林音乐学院的例子,三组小孩在五岁之前一周的训练时间都是差不多,但是第一组也就是成为世界顶级小提琴独奏家的那组小孩随着年岁的增长训练时间成倍增加!!!

  The people at the very top don't work just harder or even much harder than everyone else. They work much much harder!!!

  Ten thousand hours!

  It's all but impossible to reach that number all by yourself by the time you're a young adult.

  You have to have parents who encourage and support you. You can't be poor, because if you have to hold down a part-time job on the side to help make ends meet, there won't be time left in the day to practice enough.

  Extraordinary achievement is less about talent than it is about opportunity.

  Even though the academic credentials of minority students at M aren't as good as those of white students, the quality of students at the law school is high enough that they're still above the threshold.

  关于智力 作者观点 只是一个threshold一旦超过了这个,就显得无关紧要

  If intelligence matters only up to a point, then past that point, other things---things that have nothing to do with intelligence----must start to matter more.

  ractical intelligence includes things like " knowing what to say to whom, knowing when to say it,and knowing how to say it for maximum effect."

  It's knowledge for its own sake. It's knowledge that helps you read situations correctly and get what you want.

  Analytical intelligence&practical intelligence

  We know where analytical intelligence comes from. It's something, at least in part, that's in your genes.

  ut social savvy is knowledge. It's a set of skills that have to be learned.

  It has to come from somewhere, and the place where we seem to get these kinds of attitudes and skills is from our families.

  Family background

  The middle and the upper class.

  Children raise in an atmosphere of concerted cultivation

  The plain truth of the Terman study, however, is that in the end almost none of the genius children from the lowest social and economic class ended uo making a name for themselves.

  They lacked something that could have been given to them: a community around them that prepared them properly for the world.

  Chris Langan

  书中介绍了这个人,智商180(爱因斯坦只有150),从小天赋异禀。

  发生了两件事直接导致他退学,但是具体分析,都是由于他缺少practical intelligence而引起的,而这恰恰是Langan的生活环境所不能给予的,徒有很强的academic intelligence 但是没有一个academic title 使他研究的一些东西完全都没有人赏识。

  可见 智商是很重要,但是只要跨过某一个门槛,智商130和180 完全没有差别,而家庭环境 教育方式的不同对小孩的成长就显得非常重要,文章举了两个例子(学会和周围的人沟通,使别人来帮助你)。

  It's that they had a skill that they had been working on for years that was suddenly very valuable.

  The sense of possibility so necessary for success comes not just from inside us or from our parents. It comes from our time!

  Even the most gifted of lawyers, equipped with the best of family lessons, cannot escape the limitations of their generation.

  If you work hard enough and assert yourself, and use your mind and imagination, you can shape the world to your desires.

  Meaningful work

  o far we've seen that success arises out of the steady accumulation of advantages: when and where you are born, what your parents did for a living, and what the circumstances of your upbringing were all make a significant difference in how well you do in the world.

  ut Korea, like many Asian countries, is receiver oriented.

  It is up to the listener to make sense of what is being said.

  The importance of communication!!!

  An opportunity to transform their relationship to their work

  How much culture and history and the world outside of the individual matter to professional successs? We have a way to make successes out of the unsuccessful.

  Three elements

  The work is meaningful.

  A clear relationship between effort and reward.

  It's complex work(e.g. He or she effectively runs a small business, juggling a farmily workforce, hedging uncertainty through seed selection, building and managing a sophisticated irrigation system, and coordinating the complicated process of harvesting the first crop whilie simultaneously preparing the second crop.)

  Hard work gives those in the fields a way to find meaning in the midst of great uncertainty and poverty.

  Yout master something if you are willing to try.

  uccess is a function of persistence and doggedness and the willingness to work hard for 22 minutes to make sense of sth. That most people would give up on after 30 seconds.

  THE LAST CHAPTER

  研究表明,穷人家的小孩和富人家的小孩在校期间 学习能力并没有什么不同

  而是由于假期这个时间 富人家的小孩参与了一些能够提高自身素养的培训

  Alex isn't necessarily smater than Katie. He is just out-learning her: he is putting in a few solid months of learning during the summer while she watches television and play outsides.

  It is not the brightest who succeed.

  or is success simply the sum of the decisions and efforts we make on our own behalf.

  It is rather , a gift.

  Outliers are those who have been given opportunities and who have had the strength and presence of mind to seize them.

  《Outliers》读后感(三):发于畅销,止于一时畅销

  如果一只蜜蜂的“蜂生”目标是当蜂王,它需要怎样做才能取得成功?

  如果用一句话总结Malcolm Gladwell的书Outliers,那上面这句再合适不过了。这本书是如此畅销,以至于在纽约时报畅销书榜上高居榜首达11周后,飘洋过海火到中国。在豆瓣上,1000多人读过此书,这对一本英文书来说难能可贵。中信出版社也瞅准时机引进了这本书,虽然我对这家出版社的翻译质量一向不敢恭维,不过其嗅觉倒是很敏感。

  作者Malcolm Gladwell曾是纽约客及华盛顿邮报等多家媒体的记者,文笔通顺,对大众阅读阀值了如指掌。我在读的时候感觉非常舒服,只用了三天的空余时间就读完了。但是一本书要引起各行各业人士的推荐,仅有这个是不够的,它最好是够特别,其他畅销书无法替代,给人提供看待事物的独特视角才好。我得说Gladwell太精于此道了。

  回到本文一开始的问题。

  显然,一只蜜蜂要当蜂王,它首先得生对地方和时候,以及投对胎。它得是蜂王而不是工蜂生的,它得被蜂群培育成蜂王,它得在其他蜂王出生前诞生,不然会被灭掉……当然它也得很努力,因为它是蜂群里寿命最长的,一生忙忙碌碌。

  Gladwell在这本反成功学的书里,对各行各业的翘楚运用了这样的分析方式。他对传统成功学的基本逻辑嗤之以鼻,以一种相对消极的视角分析顶尖精英缘何成功。其分析事物的逻辑,超出普通人感知或常理的范畴,可以想见,读这本书的很多人会有“难怪如此”的感觉——我们知道,这种醍醐灌顶的感觉对读书来说是相当爽快的。

  作为记者,讲好故事真的是看家本事,Gladwell选取了非常好的案例,以至于看完这本书我对所有案例都很熟悉。加拿大的青少年球队为何大部分人都在一年中前三个月出生,硅谷传奇Bill Joy、Bill Gates年少时如何有机会彻夜玩电脑,莫扎特这样的天才也需要10000个小时才能成为专家吗,智商192的奇人为何不能成功,通过保护政策进入名校的黑人为何毕业多年后和白人成就一样高,第一代犹太移民为何从事纺织业且大获成功,为何1970年代那么多顶尖律师都是犹太移民后裔,韩国民航事故率为何曾那么高又为何忽然降下来,中国南方种水稻的农民对他们的五代玄孙之成功产生了怎样的影响,以及,Gladwell这个人是怎样来的,作为有牙买加血统的人,他为何能坐在美国一个舒适的房间里写这样一本畅销书?

  这些问题的原因分析,除少数几个外,大部分都出乎我意料,所以读起来津津有味。Gladwell很擅长引用专家的观点和论著,信息的可靠程度也是有保障的。其中我认为最精彩的是加拿大青少年球队的案例和韩国民航事故率的分析,确实颠覆了我之前的想法。

  不过所有以单一角度分析问题的方式都会出现漏洞,而这漏洞可以使其逻辑瞬间站不住脚。在作者有野心将其逻辑推向更大的范围时,这种漏洞尤其明显。仅举一例说明。

  在书的第二部分,Gladwell试图说明,一个人继承的文化遗产,对其人生的影响巨大,甚至是决定性的。这次他的例子很多,不过最重要的大概是中国南方稻农对其后代的影响。

  简单来说,书中介绍了南方种水稻的基本模式,这是一种极其耗费人的体力、精力的耕作方式,一年到头基本无休,日不出而作,日落而不息,以至于民谚说,如果一年没有360天在日出之前起床,那一个家庭不可能富起来。统计表明,一个南方农民一年的工作时间超过3000小时,这是将中国南方与世界大部分地区区别开来之处——前现代的南方农民比其他地区的人远为辛苦,尤其是比那些靠狩猎、自然资源、机械作业的人民辛苦很多。

  而作者认为,这样的勤劳与努力是一种很优秀的文化特质,这种特质是能够改变原有劣势的。在南方人来说,勤劳可以弥补土地贫瘠、自然资源不够丰富的缺陷。这种精神的特殊性,需要与其他地区对比才看得出来:

  一个经典的俄罗斯民谚是:If god does not bring it, the earth will not give it.

  南方人的民谚是:Don’t spend on heaven for food, but on your own two hands carrying the load.

  还有:No one who can raise before dawn three hundred sixty days a year fills to make his family rich.

  o food without blood and sweat.

  Farmers are busy; farmers are busy; if farmers weren’t busy, where would grain to get through the winter come from?

  In winter, the lazy man freezes to death.

  作者将这种文化特质——需要注意的是,南方农民的这种积极的勤奋在亚洲许多地方都有,但仅限于亚洲——用来解释奥林匹克数学竞赛,在所有参加了TIMSS(Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study ) Study——这个研究是用来对比不同国家间的教育成就——的国家中,奥数成绩最好的五个国家或地区全部在亚洲:新加坡、韩国、中国台湾、香港、日本。Gladwell将这些地区归作水稻农业区。中国大陆因为没参加TIMSS,所以未在对比行列,但是根据已有数据,中国大陆的奥数成绩实在很好。

  不过,我曾经参加过山东省的数学竞赛夏令营,在说到这个问题的时候,对作者的观点实在无法苟同。

  2006年那个炎热的暑假,我们集中在一起接受培训,其中几位老师是有国家队执教经验的。我们一天到晚泡在数学中,图论、平面几何、代数……几乎每天都处在抓狂的境地。而这一切其实并非我们自主的选择,而是一种应对高考的方式:如果你在奥赛中拿到好的名次,那就躲过了高考一劫,进入名校。

  恰好那会国际奥林匹克数学竞赛正在进行中,有一天一位老师进来上课,喜形于色的说中国队拿到了7块金牌,其中还有满分金牌。我们正在高兴,老师的脸色马上恢复平静,开始讲题。

  我们那次培训的人上百,这还只是山东省的情况,放到全国更多。但最后最多不也就是七个人获奖么。代价是什么?每年成千上万的人被逼着学很难的数学,成百上千的老师板着脸给学生讲题,无数的时间、无数的汗水挥洒其中,最糟糕的是,无数的期待都落了空。

  这和水稻农业区有什么关系?美国社会有可能出现这样的备战情况吗?为何不去归因于教育、制度、发达程度,却要归因于我们勤奋努力的祖先?我们的祖先的努力,作者自己都专门解释说,是一种很积极的努力,因为这其中包含三点成功的基本要素:

  Effort and Reward

  Complexity

  Autonomous

  作者在全书中都在用这三条标准衡量一件事会否成功,为何不以其分析下亚洲学生参加奥数是否符合,他们符合第一点或第三点吗?以不同国家参与度不同的奥数进行对比,真的可以了解各国学生的数学水平?为何这么多年过去了,美国的数学还是比中国的好这么多?

  更让人失望的是,作者因为对中国北方的情况不了解,得出了一个更加荒唐的结论。北方与南方不同,属于小麦种植区,那么他们的数学是否与南方一样好?Gladwell引用一位心理学家的话说,在美国受教育毕业的中国人主要来自南方,而毕业自名校的更是主要来自珠三角,来自北方的则很少。

  显然他在用这个例子暗示,其对来自水稻种植区的人数学好的原因分析很合理。可惜,一个记者真的不能掌握三分证据说五分话,Gladwell需要好好反省下自己了。如果对中国近代史,或者对美国华裔劳工群体有所了解就知道,最早一批大规模去美国的中国人就是东南沿海的,也就是作者所说的珠三角地区。他们在美国生根发芽,这个地区也得益于其高于全国平均水准的开放程度,直到今天出国、移民比例仍在全国前列。而近代以来出国风气并不浓厚的北方,就这样躺着中了Gladwell一枪。

  书中并不只有这一处逻辑问题,总的来说,畅销书作者都不会挑战自己的观点,言之凿凿的告诉读者观点才易于传播。但这样会使推理过程过于简单化和粗糙,其书只能发于畅销,止于一时畅销罢了。

  欢迎移步博客阅读:http://mynewslab.com/2012/outliers

  《Outliers》读后感(四):负能量来袭,心理素质不好者勿点

  1

  一定有许多人都读过了《Outliers》这本书,作者提出来的一万小时理论也是广为流传。阅读之前,我以为这是一本总结成功经验与练习方法的书,因为我看到有人受到这本书的启发,设置了什么“一万小时倒计时”,胸有成足地往成功走去。

  一切都散发着无穷的正能量,成功看起来触手可得,我们每一个人都得到了解救: 只要在某项技能上练习一万小时,就能从“庸人”变成“大师”。

  终于我也读完了,心中却自此飘散着浓稠得化不开的负能量。

  2

  不得不说,作者真的做到了一开篇便表达出来的这本书所期望达成的目的:

  I want to do for our understanding of success what Stewart Wolf did for our understanding for health.

  那这个叫做Stewart Wolf到底对“人类对健康的认识”做了什么呢?他颠覆了许多我们对“健康”的常规认识:健康与锻炼、饮食、基因相关。可根据他多年的研究,他得出的结论是:健康与社区和睦相关。

  一群来自意大利小镇的新美国移民,在新的环境中展现出明显优于其他居民的健康状态,可是他们的饮食极不健康,没有勤于锻炼的生活习惯,也更无证据证明他们基因优良。他们世世代代不受心血管疾病困扰的原因在于,他们有着和谐、亲密的社区关系。

  这样的一群人,就是健康理论下的“异类”,他们的身体健康不能归于常因。同样, 作者成功地通过本书,颠覆了我对成功的认识:只要努力奋斗,我就会成功。

  可事实上呢?这个世界真是充满恶意。

  3

  你何时出生很重要!

  作者在研究体育运动员的成就时发现,许多球队的明星队员都出生日期都落在1~3月份这个季度中,另一些体育项目中的佼佼者多半出生于7月~9月之间。

  这并不是因为这几个月份赋予人任何神力,而只是因为许多运动项目会以1月1日或是7月1日作为体育项目选拔的截止日。

  这样一来,1月1日出生的孩子,将比同年12月31日出生的队员大出12个月。他们将会更加成熟、个子更大、理解力更强。对于你我来说,可能觉得这样细微的不同并不值得注意。但对于7、8岁的儿童来说,12个月的生理区别将会展现出巨大的差异。

  作者在研究世界巨富时发现,历史上最富有的75个人中,有14个是出生于1831~1839年这9年之间的美国人。

  那么这9年到底出生的孩子,是撞上了什么大运吗?

  还真的是!1860 -1870年期间,美国内战、秩序重建、铁路修建兴起、华尔街日渐繁荣。生晚了,那会儿你年纪还不够大,无法抓住机遇;生早了,你的思维已经习惯了战前的生活,难以变通 。

  4

  你爹妈是谁很重要!

  关于这点,作者用了两个实验来说明家庭环境对孩子的影响:

  穷孩子与富孩子在学习期间的学习成果并无差异,可是在寒暑假之后却发现富孩子的阅读理解能力增强了。

  同等高智商的孩子,在被跟踪研究了几十年后,发现有一部分孩子的智商优势在成年后完全消失了。他们做着最普通的工作,与预期的“栋梁”“人才”这样的字眼,相距甚远。

  两个研究最后得出的结论都是,富有家庭的父母有条件在寒暑假时将孩子送去学话剧、参加各类兴趣小组等,在这一过程中,孩子们继续学习,不断开发大脑。贫穷家庭的孩子在假期间往往是散养状态,当学校放假后,他们的学习也停下来了。

  另外,在孩子的成长过程中,富有的家庭更有可能参与孩子的课外活动,有更多的亲子时光。而贫穷家庭的父母往往需要为生计操劳,不得不错过许多与孩子相处的时间。孩子的 沟通、交往、表达能力都会因此受到影响。

  “再穷不能穷教育”应该是最能体现我们中国父母教育观的一句话。以前我总觉得这其实是坑了孩子,把他们都培养成了书呆子。到现在我才觉得,原来这句话中充满了智慧。

  适当参与兴趣小组,其实是有利于孩子社交能力的发展和情商的锻炼。

  5

  一万小时练习是有前提的。

  这一理论如今流传很广,原因是下面这些铁一般的数据看了让人尤为心动。

  约翰列侬的创建的披头士乐队在美国出名时,已经练习了一万小时。

  比尔盖茨在创立微软前,已经练习了一万小时。

  那么我是不是练习写作一万小时,也一定能够威震四方、名扬千里呢?

  答案当然是NO NO NO!

  想要通过一万小时练习取得成功,还必须需要满足这些条件:

  第一,迅速地积累起这一万小时。

  第二,积累一项少有的技能。

  第三,被这个世界需要的技能。

  比如说,比尔盖茨富有的父母把他送到了Lakeside School,这所实力雄厚的学校斥巨资购买的电脑,让他有机会启动了这一万小时的练习。

  这一万小时,是比尔盖茨放弃了体育课、放弃了周末甚至放弃了睡眠后,在短短几年时间迅速积累起来的;当时这样的电脑都不多见,更别说有机会在上面日夜操作;当他完成积累后,正好出现了需要此项技能的项目。

  如果比尔盖茨当时只有每天两个小时的编程,如果当时人人手里都有一台这样的机器,如果这个社会其实并不需要这项技能,那么可以想象比尔盖茨现在也许只是美国某个州的有钱、退休好老头一枚。

  6

  看完这些,你有没有顿感世事艰险,人生不易!

  既然这样,我们今后该如何看待别人的成功,如何看待这个世界呢?我们还能不能愉快地和成功人士玩耍呢?

  好在,我的三观还没有放弃自我调整,琢磨出一些建议,也想送给你。

  一定要选自己喜欢的技能做积累,而不是那些看起来赚钱很多的。

  如果你坚信一万小时积累的力量,想要借此走进或是走近成功,那么请选择一项自己喜欢的事情做积累。一万小时并不是成功的完全必要条件,很有可能你在完成了一万小时的练习后,发现自己没有变得更抢手,那么至少你的练习过程是愉悦的。

  反正成功都那么难了,不如放开手脚。

  想必读到这里,你和我一样都已经做出了类似的结论:成功真难,我们能控制的因素其实很有限。

  那么与其谨慎言行,担心自己的一举一动会影响自己成功的几率,倒不如放开手脚,做到最极致。

  成功了是意外,不成功也尽兴!

  关注名人成功的过程,而不是成就。

  我们常常只看到成功人士所获得的成就,看到随着成功而来的各种风光与自由。这一秒觉得一切皆有可能,下一秒又觉得对方的成就压得你失了信心采取行动。

  既然我们已经从《异类》中了解到成功不是一道只有一份原料的菜肴,只关注成就不关注过程是最不可取的。那么我们就要调整自己的思路,关注他们在特定的时刻,是如何做出选择的;了解比尔盖茨在夜间编程想打瞌睡时,是如何给自己提神的;了解扎克伯格是如何有理有据地说服家人让自己退学哈佛的。

  成就不可复制,但是过程可以借鉴。

  感谢阅读

  作者:当当欢乐多

  《Outliers》读后感(五):成功的道理你都懂,只不过一直没人告诉你罢了

  何谓“成功”,相信每个人对这个的定义是各不相同;以前读书的时候,我觉得成绩好,考上好学校,拿到奖学金,找到好工作就是成功,这也是社会一直灌输给我们成功的定义。

  长大后,自己常对自己说,成功有很多种定义。金钱上的成功并不是一切,你可以选择不同的世界,不同的生活,成功也会随之而来。

  所以,当我在读这本书之前,我预计我会看到的也是类似于鸡汤的文章,成功是什么呀?成功有很多种方法,成功之道等等。

  但是这本书并不是这样,他就是描述了那些成功的人,为什么会成功。而这里指的成功的人,基本上就是我们通俗意义上定义的人,steven jobs,bill gates等等。但是,作者揭露了许多我们忽视的,或者是刻意不提的成功的因素。

  首先,atmosphere-the mathew effect。这章其实讲的是游戏规则对选手的影响远比你想象的大。

  其次,practice--成功的人当然都是很努力刻苦的。毋庸置疑。

  但是,随后的一章揭示了光有努力是不够的,运气绝对是成功学中最重要的一个环节。你所出生的时代,生长的环境,家庭背景,文化背景都在潜意识里影响着你的成长。

  以前我一直坚信努力总是会成功的,当然现在也坚信。看完这本书后,当我回头去看自己过去的一些经历时,发现很多小的事情都印证了这本书上提到的每个细节。

  每年暑假回来,我的成绩总是会变差。因为我暑假都在玩,不去参加补习班,不看书;相比之下,出身于更好的家庭背景的人在暑假会有更多的进修机会,所以暑假回来之后成绩会显得更好。但是,学校的学习也被证明是很有用的,过了一个学期后,我的成绩又会超过其他人。

  社会是不公平的,但是社会又是公平的。至少他给了你一次机会,关键在于你能不能抓住他。

  最后一大章节介绍cultural legacy。这篇我是完全同意的,尤其是在我去完欧洲之后,发现西方国家和东方国家在很多事情上的态度,那是文化的印记,历史的印记。

  这本书,看完之后会觉得很焕然一新,但是仔细一下,这些道理你都懂,只不过没人帮你整理,没人告诉你罢了。

  《Outliers》读后感(六):不要期待

  Outliers这本书用词简单,行文流畅,一个个案例穿插进行的叙述方式使我欲罢不能。可是希望在这本书里找到让自己走向成功的方法的人,恐怕是要失望了——这本书只提供你怎样被排除在成功之外的方法。

  冰球运动员的故事告诉你,如果你想从事某种特别的工作,你就必须在某个特别的时间出生;Langan和Oppenheimer的故事告诉你,想要不被大学开除或获得参与曼哈顿计划的资格,你就必须生活在富裕的家庭从而获得practical intelligence;Bill Joy, Bill Gates and the Beatles的故事告诉你,想要成功就必须经过一万小时的努力——而获得这样的一万小时甚至也是需要条件的。总而言之,成功是一道逻辑严密的推理题,一步走错,满盘皆输。

  作者得出的结论是:成功绝不是一个人仅仅靠自己的天赋和努力而完成的,绝不是“个人行为”, 成功受到时运、机会、文化传承、家庭背影等多方面影响。然而,也许是为了更好地表现这个主题,作者有意无意地将个人在其成功之路上的作用过于贬低了,以至于将成功之路抽象成了一条流水线,而这条流水线上有太多条工序叫做机遇,对于那些工序,你无能为力。作者论证比尔盖茨的成功有九个机遇这其中暗含的“宿命论”不言而喻。而这样的“宿命论”无疑否定了我们自身努力的价值:既然一切都已经照着剧本走了,我还挣扎些什么呢?

  更重要的是,其实我们无法去验证这些所谓的机遇在一个人的成功之路上起到的作用到底几何。如果当年比尔盖茨没有从哈佛退学,他可能是美国律师界的翘楚;即使他早出生十年,并在IBM这样的巨擘中爬上了一定的地位,并不见得他就不会放下一切创办微软:在我看来,放弃哈佛和放弃IBM需要同样的勇气。我们永远都不知道现在做的事对以后到底有何帮助,但当日后回顾时,我们会发现所有的事都有所联系。在那些失败者的案例中,也是一样的。

  此外,我不认为人的一生应该被分成成功与失败。我认为,人的一生应该被分成这种成功或那种成功。请原谅我的无知——我并不认为那个在长岛上做bouncer的Langan活得比Oppenheimer要逊色,至少他的理论并没有给人类文明带来一个随时可能吃掉人类未来的怪物。而且,Oppenheimer逃避了牢狱之灾对法制来说并不是什么光彩的事——谋杀未遂已经足够入罪了,不是吗?Langan活得安乐、自在,有着幸福的家庭,这难道不是一种成功?

  从某种方面来说,Outliers是矛盾的:一方面,他击碎了普通人对所谓的天才或成功人士不切实际的幻想;另一方面,他也击碎了许多普通人成为成功人士的幻想。我想,想要成功的读者们最好不要对这本书有什么期待。

  《Outliers》读后感(七):天时, 地利, 还有人和

  Malcolm Gladwell的这本书, 最早是一位师姐推荐给自己的. 2010年, 当时的我就要毕业. 找工作的路上, 闭门羹不知道吃了几回. 就那么几个月, 好像把这辈子的please与thank you都说了. 现在想起, 真真是不堪. 师姐看不过, 为了安慰我, 告诉我这本书. 大意就是想说, 个人的成功不取决于个人, 还会受到很多因素的影响.

  当时我心里还是挺排斥这本书的. 这道理谁都知道吧. 但凡学过点辩证法的, 都懂得这内因外因的道理. 就是不知道辩证法, 也应该晓得这句古话, 天时地利人和, 缺一不可. 可是这些道理与当时失败低迷的我而言, 好像就是安慰自己最最好的借口. 万万不可当真, 当真可真就是自欺欺人了.

  过了两年, 放下了当时的偏见, 回头再看这本书, 才觉得, 句句珠玑. 的确, 天时地利人和的道理谁都知道. 但是, 没有枯燥的说教, 用一个个故事. Gladwell娓娓道来很多关于成功的道理, 剖析每个关于成功的因素, 例如出生年代, 家庭, 地点, 先天条件, 后天教育, 等等. 总之, 很令人信服.

  但是, 如果是在为自己的失败找借口, 很容易从这本书里找到自己怨天尤人的理论依据. 所以, 我们还是要理智的分析事情的来龙去脉, 心平气和的看待别人的成功和自己的失败.

  《Outliers》读后感(八):训练,才情与舞台

  There is a story that is usually told about extremely successful people, a story about intelligence and ambition. Malcolm Gladwell argues that the true story of success is very different, and that if we want to understand how and why some people thrive, we should look around them---at things like their family , their birthplace, even their birth date.

  Outliers explains waht the Beatles and Bill Gates have in common, the extrordinary success of Asians at math , and the reason you have never heard of the world's smartest man--all in terms of generation, family, and culture. The lives of outliers--those whoses achievements fall outside normal experience--follow an unexpected logic, and in making that logic plain Gladwell presents a provocative blueprint for making the most of human potential.

  After reading the Outliers, we may discourage the wealthy from flaunting their success and helped the unsuccessful obscure their faliure.

  The successful individuals at every field have got to the top not only by their hard word and talent, but their family and culture background also.

  This is a book about outliers, about men and women who do things that are out of ordianry. but Like 马云,俞敏洪,王石 in china, it takes no small degree of humility for them to look back on his life and say,"I was very lucky" And actually they were. They are the product of history and their success are not exceptional or mysterious.

  o, the outlier, in the end, is not an outlier at all. Gladwell just want to do for our understanding of success what Wolf did for our understanding of health.

  ---------------------------

  my readingnote for future review:

  关于传统的对成功的定义:

  What is the question we alwyas ask about the successful?We want to know what they are like--what kind of personalities they have, or how intelliegent they are, or what kind of lifestyles they ahve or what special talents they might have been born with. And we assume that it is those personalities that explain how that individual reached the top.

  In the autobiographies published every year bu th billionaire/entrepreneur/velebrity, the story line is always the same:our hero is born in modest circumstances and by virtue of his own grit and talent fights his way to greatness.

  In Outliers, I want to convince you that these kinds of personal explanations of sucess don't work. People don't rise from nothing. We do owe something to parentage and patronage. IN fact ,they are invariably the beneficiaries of hidden advantages and extraordinary opportunities and cultural legacies that allow them to learn and work hard and make sense of the world in ways others cannot. It makes a difference where and when we grew up. The culture we belong to and the legacies passed down by our forebears shape the patterns of our achievement in ways we cannot begin to imaine

  It's not enough to ask what successful people are like, in other words. It is only by asking where they are form that we can unravel the logic behind who succeeds and who doesn't.

  --------------

  ONE:一万小时定律

  a.开始的小优势会随着时间不停变大

  The small initial advantagethat the child born in the early part of the year has over the child born at the end of the year persists. It locks children into patterns of achievement and underachievement, encouragement and discouragement, that streth on and on for years.

  Our notion that it is the best and the brightest who effortlessly rise to the top is much too simplistic. Success is the result of what sociologists like to call" ACCUMULATIVE ADVANTAGE"(积累优势) The professional hockey players starts out a little bit better than his peers. And that little difference leads to an opportunity that makes taht difference a bit bigger, and that edge in turn leads to another opportunity, which makes the initially small difference bigger still--and on and on until the hockery players is genuine outliers. But he started out just a little bit better.

  . 平常心对待

  成功和失败之间的距离并没有那么大,社会因素很关键

  ,Do you see the consequences of the way we have chosen to think about success? Because we so proundly personalize success, we miss opportunities to lift others onto the toop rung. We make rules that frustrated achievement. We prematurely write off people as failures. We are too much in awe of those who succeed and far too dismissive of those who fail.And ,most of all, we become much too passive. We overlook just how large a role we all play--and by "we" I mean society--in determining who makes it and who doesn't

  We cline to the idea that success is a simple function of individual merit and that the world in which we allrow up and the rules we choose to write as society don't matter at all.

  Those were the ingredients of success at the higest level:passion, talent and hard work. But there was another element

  c. 一万小时定律 (THE 10000- HOUR RULE)

  Achivement is talent plus preparation. The pronlem with this view is that the closer psychologists look at the careers of the figted the smaller the role innate talent seems to paly and the bigger the role preparation seems to play.

  The people at the very top don't work just harder or even much arder than everyone else . They work much,much harder.(都是疯子啊....)

  The idea that excellence at performing a complex task requres a crtitical minimum level of practice surfaces again and again in studies of expertise. The emerging picture from such studies is that ten thousand hours of practice is required to achieve the level of mastery asscoiated with being a world-class expert--is anything.It seems that it takes the brain this long to assimilate all that it needs to know to achive true mastery.

  ractice isn't thing you do once you are good. It's the thing you do that makes you good.

  And the interesting thing about that ten thousand hours, is that ten thousand hours is an enormous amount of time. It's all but imposiible to reach that number all by yourself by the time you are yound adult. You have to have parents who encourage and support you.You can't be poor, because if you have to hold down a part-time job on the side to help make ends meet, there won;t be time left in the day to practice enough.

  We pretend that success is exclusively a matter of individual merit, But there is nothing in any of the hisories we have looked at so far to suggest things are that simple. There are stories, instead, about people who were given a speial opportunity to work really hard and seized it, and who happened to come of age at a time when that extraordinary effort was rewarded by the rest of society. Their success was not just of their own makeing. It was a product of the world in which they grew up.

  ---------------

  TWO: 天才的困惑,智力和成就之间的关系(The intellect and achivement are far from perfectly correlated)

  The particular skill that allows you to talk your way out of a murder rap, or convince your professor to moveyou from the morining to the afternoon section, is what the psychologist call"pratcial intellience".

  ractical intelligence includes things like knowing what to say to whom,knowing when to say it and knowing how to say it for maximum effect. It's procedural:it is about knowing how to do something without necessarily knowing why you know it or being able to for its own sake. It's knowledge that helps you read situations correctly and get what you want. And crtically, it is a kind of intelligence separted from the sort of analytical ability measured by IQ

  The children from the lowest social and economic class lacked something that could have been given to them if we'd only known that needed it:a community around them that prepared them properly for the world.

  It was an admission of defeat. Every experience he had had outside of his own mind had ended in frustration. He knew he needed to do a better job of navigating the world, but he didn't know how. He couldn't even talk to his calculus teacher, for goodness's sake. These were things that others , with lesser minds, could master easily. But that's because those others had had help alone the way, and Chris Langan never had. It wasn't an excuse. It WAS A FACT .He'd had to make his way alone, and no one==on rock stars, not software billionaries and not even geniues---ever makes it alone(所以杯具le ...)

  --------------------

  Three. 时势,家庭背景,文化传承

  a.出生,社会大环境

  uccessful people don't do it alone. Where they come from matters. They are products of particular places and environments.

  To get a job, students should be long enough on family connections, long enough on ability or long enough on personality, or a combination of these . Something called acceptablity is made up of the sum of its pars. If a man has any of these things, he could get a job. If he has two of them, he can have a choice of jobs. If he has three, he could go anywhere.

  Think of how similar this is to the stories of Bill Joy and Bill gates. Both of them toiled away in a relatively obscure field without any great hopes for worldly success. But then---boom!--the personal computer revolution happened, and they had their ten thousand hours in. They were ready. Flom had the same experience.He didn't triumph over adversity. Instead, what started out as adversity ended up being an opportunity. (多年的“有用功”准备(并不知情),加上机会的到来,迟出生两三年就有天渊之别,真的有其“天意”的成分)

  It's not that those guys were smarter lawyers than anyone else。 It's that they had a skill that they had been working on for years that was suddenly very valuable.

  The sense of possibility so neccessary for success comes not just from inside us or from our parents. It comes from our time:from the particular opportunities that our particular place in history presents us with.

  文化传承

  Cultural legacies are powerful forces. They have deep roots and long lives. They persist, generation after generation, virtually intact, even as the economic and social and demographic conditions that spawned them have vanished, and they paly such a role in directing attitudes and behavior that we cannot make sense of our world without them.

  c 亚洲孩子比美国孩子数学厉害的原因

  It turns out that there is alos a big difference in how number-naming systems in Western and Asian languages are constructed.

  The number sysem in English is higly irregular.Nor so in China, they have a logical counting system. That difference means that Asian children learn to count much faster than American children.

  (例如37+22,我们一眼就看出是59,但是美国人是30+20=50,7+2=9,这样算,多了这个过程,可怜的孩子)

  Go to any Western college campus and you will find that Asian students have a reputation for being in the library long after everyone else has left. Sometimes people of Asian background get offended when their culture is described this way, because they think that the stereotype is being used as a form of disparagement. But a belief in work ought to be a thing of beauty. Virtually every success stroy we have seen in this book so far involves someone or some group working harder than their peers. (亚洲的孩子可以骄傲一下了~)

  Working really hard is what successful people do, and the genius of the culture formed in the rice paddies is that hard work gave those in the fields a way to find meaning in the midst of great uncertainty and poverty. That lesson has served Asian well in many endeavors but rarely so perfectly as in the case of mathematics.

  ---------------------------------------

  记得亚马逊的CEO Jeff Bezos曾经这么说过:

  It's very very difficult to chase after a wave, what's better is to plash yourselve in the middle of something you genuinely love, and wait for the wave to come and find you.

  正如张五常《吾意独怜才》上所说的:你想不想过一下天才之瘾?

  第一步是要把有关的技术及知识搞得融会贯通。这一步,不容易,但只要痛下苦功,再蠢的也有机会办到。第二步是在思想上能够走进四顾无人的原野, 来无影、去无踪的创意层出不穷的第三步,是「天」意了,不可强求

  天意,不可强求。正如异类后面提到的一样。

  世上天才凤毛麟角,主要是因为天下间大多数的人没有尝试 过——或没有机会尝试过——走上述的第一步与第二步,而这两步即使非天才也可以办到的。

  是的,你可能是天才。不信的话,你不妨试在某造诣上痛下数年苦功,然后在思想上走进一个四顾无人的原野,把手指交错着,等待上帝的赐予。

  2012.,1.21

  y hammer

  and, Happy new year!!:)

  《Outliers》读后感(九):时势造英雄论

  爱迪生说成功是99%的汗水与1%的天才,很明显本书作者不赞同。他觉得几乎所有人在成功面前都愿意拼搏,但机遇面前并非人人平等,连出生的月份都影响着命运。

  ill Gates带来了计算机时代,影响了几代人的生活。以前读过他父亲的传记,里面提起他从小就勤学好问,几乎书不离手。读哈佛时就辍学创业去了,有些思想活跃的年轻人经常以他为例也想辍学。殊不知,Gates家境优渥,在他读西雅图的lakeside school时就在其母亲的沟通下获得了学校计算机房无限制出入特权。13岁的Bill Gates几乎每天闷在机房里练习编程到凌晨三点回家,那是上世纪六十年代,美国当时所有大学的计算机系的教授都无此条件,更别提其它国家人民多数在战后温饱线上挣扎。所以当年少的他创立微软时,已经是日夜编程八年之久的专家水平,技能娴熟,立行业之鳌头,对计算机未来的挑战早已胸中有丘壑。

  现在幼儿园,小学有很多尖子班(Gifted Program ),这些孩子真的是智商过人?不是!是他们家长们给予了更多的关注与练习罢了。在四岁时,大多数孩子在课堂上反映相差无几,但一个暑假过后,有的孩子明显词汇量与见识激增,是家长有意识栽培的结果。显然这些孩子更容易被选进尖子班,获得更优质的教育机会,从此搭上一路优先的列车

  《Outliers》读后感(十):Secret VS. Outliers-The Story of Success - 阐述成功如何缔造

  The Secret 和 Outliers-The Story of Success 两本书都是亚马逊的畅销书。讲的内容都是关于成功。The Secret主要讲成功因素中个人方面,Outliers-The Story of Success 则主要讲述个人所处的环境对成功的影响。两本书各为互补,比较有意思。

  The Secret主要阐述的心理学上的皮革马利翁效应。传说古希腊塞浦路斯岛有一位年轻的王子,名叫皮革马利翁,他酷爱艺术,通过自己的努力,终于雕塑了一尊女神像。对于自己的得意之作,他爱不释手,整天含情脉脉的注视着他。天长日久,女神终于神奇般地复活了,并乐意做他的妻子。这个故事蕴含了一个非常深刻的哲理:期待是一种力量,这种期待的力量就被心理学家称为皮革马利翁效应。

  本书就讲述怎样把女神像复活的原因。也许给我印象最深刻的是书的开头,作者从进化的角度提出数亿年的进化造就了人类,使得人类自身继承了许多无法比拟的资源,如人的大脑-宇宙中最为复杂的东西之一。4 m=发掘这种经过数亿进化的产物成为个人成功的秘密,多数人的失败作者认为是他们的怀疑,不自信等等负面影响造成他们思想受阻,大脑的优势大大降低,即不能使你的潜意识得到很好的发掘。这种资源的发掘依靠自信,勇气和坚韧不拔。而胆怯,恐惧,焦虑等等负面因素会使你处在阴霾之中,自然成为在你成功路上自身所设的屏障,潜意识就没办法挖掘,而被永远的沉默和遗忘。

  Outliers-The Story of Success作者Malcolm Gladwell 是一系列故事讲述成功的秘密。Malcolm Gladwell首先以一个见到的社会现象着手,经过分析得到结论,整本书就是一个发现现象再追究答案的过程,思路非常好。作者分析从出生年月,自身努力,智商,机遇,家庭文化,地域文化,再到语言对成功的作用。

  以加拿大一个获胜的球队Medicine Hat Tigers为开始,研究该球队队员的年龄组成,甚至出生年月发现他们的出生年都在86-89年左右,出生上半年的占多数,为什么?再探究整个球员的训练,发现在国家队的预赛中,教练一般要求出生在下半年的球员回家,这样就导致他们训练时间的缩短,进一步导致后续选拔的失利,

  作者提出10000小时规则,即成功必须所付出的10000小时的训练,然后再以Beatles乐队举例:在成名之前:在1960年到1962年他们辗转几个地方在一年半时间演出的270个晚上,这样高强度的训练致使1964年的成功。当然还有Bill Gates在电脑上付出的时间也是在这个 量级,使得在1968年就成为时时编程的八级高手。

  ill Gates作为努前世界最富的人,当然让人会联想到福布斯的富人排行榜,作者也提到并分析前75名,发现其中40为美国人,并且它们出生年在连续的9年之内。让人联想到不同时代的人遇到不同程度的机遇。而像Bill Gates: Oct. 28, 1955; Paul Allen: Jan. 21, 1953; Steve Ballmer: Mar. 24, 1956; Steve Jobs: Feb. 24, 1955;Eric Schmidt: Apr. 27, 1955; Bill Joy: Nov 8, 1954等等都赶上了计算机软件。

  大多数人认为IQ对成功太重要了,那么IQ达到多少才能成功?作者指出:只要智商至少达到115就可以得到成功,心理学研究表明先天的遗传之决定人IQ的上下限。而后天决定你是会使你的IQ降到最低限,或是激发自己达到最高限。

  Christ Langan和Robert Oppenheimer等天才的命运,得出人们的所处的文化以及家庭历史所造就个人是否能把握机遇。如曼哈顿计划总负责人的物理学家奥本海默(Robert Oppenheimer)的鲜为故事,他在剑桥大学读博士学位的时候,导师是获得1948年诺贝尔奖的Patrick Blackett,他的天资在于研究理论物理,而导师强制他做自己讨厌的实验物理,这样下来两者的关系非常糟糕,以至于奥本海默试图从实验室拿出化学试剂想毒死导师,好在导师及时发现该东西丢了而幸免遇难。但是他的对涉及交叉学科的原子弹问题能给出现实可行的解决方法的能力而赢得曼哈顿工程。当然Christ Langan就没这么好了,由于从小处在糟糕的环境以及父母亲的缺乏责任感,使他在沟通技巧方面出现的问题,致使周围的人不能进一步的了解他的潜力而失掉潜在的机会而平庸一辈子。

  ill Gates的母亲是一个银行家的女儿,从小受到良好的教育。刚开始小Bill送到了一所公立学校,后来母亲发现他比较超常一般儿童而且容易对学习感到厌烦,将他送到更加宽松的一所私立学校,私立学校的开放政策使得小Bill更早地接触到电脑,这对后来Bill的成长以及最后的成功起到至关重要的作用。父母的作用对子女的成长可见一斑。

  大家都知道中国学生的数学是比较有名的。很多人简单归结于我们比较聪明。如果你仔细用英语和汉语将1到10数字数一遍,你会发现汉语的整体音节数要小于英语,如果把人的意识比作一段内存的话,汉语由于音节少所占的内存个数小于英语,而所占内存越小,人类越容易处理,这样下来汉语肯定占优势。我们的数学能力强不简简单单归功于我们的聪明,我们自身语言也贡献不少。语言影响数学上面的成功。

  在18世纪,大多出的欧洲人民在冬天基本上不劳动,基本处于“冬眠”状态,而这时候在中国的南方人民在冬天利用竹子编一些篮子等以到市场上交换。等到初春的时候再到农地耕地。一些人估计亚洲种植大米的农民一年的工作时间约3000小时,而当时的法国人们约1200小时,中国的农耕文化造就了人们的勤劳品 质。

  所以,不管是进化造就人类自身的伟大力量,还是出生时间,自身努力,智商,机遇,家庭文化,地域文化,再到语言的作用。这个归结是我们的环境造就我们的成功,不管是上亿年的进化,还是数万年形成自身的语言,还是几百年的地域文化,到几代间人们的遗传,到十几年父母的教育和自身10000小时的努力,不同程度的环境造就我们成功。而Outliers则属于这些因素结合起来的的少数人。

评价:中立好评差评
【已有2位读者发表了评论】

┃ 《Outliers》的读后感10篇的相关文章

┃ 每日推荐